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"Food security is the condition in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
At its core, food security means everyone has the food they need to live a healthy and fulfilling life.
A helpful way to understand food security is through the Five A Framework:
Availability: There’s enough food for everyone, whether it’s grown locally or brought in from other places.
Access: People have the physical and financial means to get food.
Adequacy: The food is safe to eat and meets nutritional needs.
Acceptability: Food respects cultural preferences and is obtained in ways that uphold dignity and rights.
Agency: Policies and actions support communities to achieve food security.
What is food insecurity?
Food insecurity happens when people are unable to meet their basic food needs. The latest findings from Statistics Canada show that 8.7 million Canadians, including 2.1 million children, live in households where food is not always available or affordable. While food insecurity can affect anyone, systemic inequities tied to factors such as race, education, household structure, and homeownership status can make certain groups more vulnerable and increase their risk.
The impact of food insecurity
The effects of food insecurity are far-reaching. For adults, it’s linked to serious health concerns like heart disease, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. It also leads to longer hospital stays and higher chances of readmission. For children, food insecurity can result in poor nutrition, stunted growth, slower mental development, and challenges in school. These struggles can persist into adulthood, continuing the cycle of poverty and food insecurity.
How Second Harvest helps
Second Harvest provides immediate relief for those experiencing food insecurity through food rescue. We connect businesses with surplus food to non-profit organizations, ensuring that good food reaches those who need it most. This approach not only feeds communities but also reduces food waste and supports a more sustainable food system.
Keeping food where it belongs
Long-term solutions are essential to address food insecurity. In 2025, cities like Mississagua, Kingston and Toronto declared food insecurity an emergency during a historic hunger crisis, calling for measures such as affordable housing, improved income support and access to decent work. While these systemic changes are needed, immediate action is crucial. At Second Harvest, we are committed to bridging the gap by keeping food on plates and out of landfills.
